You are able to copy a direct link to the result and paste it in emails, calendar invites, chats, etc. On the search result, select the 'copy' button and the link will be copied to your clipboard. Navigate to where you want to paste the link and paste it.

If the user does not have access to the file/email/document, they will not be able to view it even if they have the link. They must have been granted access through the application.